What is a purpose of chandrayaan 3 on Moon , and what is their feature

 Chandrayaan-3 is the third Indian lunar exploration mission under the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Chandrayaan programme. It consists of a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan, similar to those of the Chandrayaan-2 mission¹.

Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14, 2023 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh state¹. It reached the moon’s orbit on August 5, 2023 and began its final descent to the moon’s surface on August 23, 2023 at 5:45 p.m. IST (8:15 a.m. ET)².

Chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on the moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023 at 6:02 p.m. IST (8:32 a.m. ET), making India the fourth country ever to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface, after the United States, China and the former Soviet Union³. The landing was hailed as a marvellous achievement and a massive moment for India’s space exploration that has raised its profile as a spacefaring nation³.

The lander Vikram and the rover Pragyan are designed to operate for one lunar day (~14 Earth days) and conduct various scientific experiments to study the lunar surface and its environment¹. They are equipped with several instruments, such as cameras, spectrometers, seismometers, and laser reflectors, to collect data and send it back to Earth⁴.

The main objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are to demonstrate India’s capability to soft-land on the moon and operate a robotic rover on the lunar terrain; to explore the south polar region of the moon for signs of water ice and other resources; and to enhance our understanding of the moon’s origin, evolution, and geology¹.

Chandrayaan-3 is also expected to provide valuable information for future crewed missions to the moon, as the south pole region is considered an area of key scientific and strategic interest for spacefaring nations⁵. The water ice deposits in the shadowy craters could be converted into rocket fuel or even drinking water for astronauts⁵.

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s second attempt to land on the moon, after Chandrayaan-2 failed to do so in September 2019 due to a technical glitch that caused the lander to crash¹. Chandrayaan-3 is also India’s first mission to use a propulsion module to carry the lander from launch injection to lunar orbit, which reduced the mass and cost of the mission¹.

Chandrayaan-3 is a remarkable achievement for India and a testament to its scientific and technological prowess. It is also a proud moment for all Indians and a source of inspiration for future generations. I hope you learned something new about Chandrayaan-3 from this brief summary. If you want to know more about Chandrayaan-3, you can check out these web pages: Chandrayaan-3 - Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Chandrayaan-3 landing: India becomes the fourth country ever to land a spacecraft on the moon, [Chandrayaan-3 - Wikipedia]

Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission of India, which aims to demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the moon’s surface and to conduct scientific experiments with a rover. Chandrayaan-3 has three components: a lander named Vikram, a rover named Pragyan, and a propulsion module¹.

The lander and rover separated from the propulsion module on August 17, 2023 and began their descent toward the lunar surface. The lander successfully landed on the moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023 at 6:02 p.m. IST (8:32 a.m. ET), making India the fourth country ever to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface². The rover then came out of the lander and started to move around on the moon’s surface.

The lander and rover are designed to operate for one lunar day (~14 Earth days) and conduct various scientific experiments to study the lunar surface and its environment³. They are equipped with several instruments, such as cameras, spectrometers, seismometers, and laser reflectors, to collect data and send it back to Earth⁴.

Some of the instruments and features of the lander and rover are:

• Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA): This instrument measures the distance between the lander and the moon’s surface using radio waves. It helps in determining the altitude and velocity of the lander during its descent⁵.
• Laser Altimeter (LASA): This instrument measures the distance between the lander and the moon’s surface using laser pulses. It also helps in determining the altitude and velocity of the lander during its descent⁵.
• Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV): This instrument measures the speed and direction of the lander relative to the moon’s surface using laser beams. It helps in controlling the landing speed and avoiding obstacles⁵.
• Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP): This instrument measures the orientation and acceleration of the lander using gyroscopes and accelerometers. It helps in stabilizing the lander during its descent and landing⁵.
• Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC): This camera captures images of the moon’s surface during the descent of the lander. It helps in identifying the landing site and avoiding hazards⁵.
• Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC): This camera captures images of the moon’s surface near the landing site of the lander. It helps in detecting and avoiding craters, rocks, slopes, and shadows that could pose a risk to the landing⁵.
• Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC): This camera captures images of the moon’s horizon during the descent of the lander. It helps in determining the horizontal velocity and direction of the lander⁵.
• Touchdown sensors: These sensors detect when the lander touches down on the moon’s surface. They help in switching off the engines and activating the rover deployment mechanism⁵.
• Inclinometer: This sensor measures the tilt angle of the lander after landing. It helps in adjusting the orientation of the rover deployment mechanism⁵.
• Micro star sensor: This sensor measures the position and attitude of the lander using star patterns. It helps in aligning the communication antenna with Earth⁵.
• Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA): This instrument measures